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Foreword&nbsp;<div>List of Abbreviations</div><div>Authors’ preface</div><div>Acknowledgements</div><div>Summary</div><div>Introduction</div><div><br></div><div>CHAPTER ONE&nbsp;</div><div>1 Food as a basic need for humans</div><div> 1.1 Food and human security</div><div> 1.2 Food as human rights</div><div><br></div><div>CHAPTER TWO</div><div>2 General Background to Food Security in the Barents / Arctic context</div><div> 2.1 Food security and its definition</div><div> 2.2 Why is food security important in the Barents / Arctic context?</div><div> 2.2.1 Food and the environment in the Barents Region</div><div> 2.2.2 The role of traditional food in physical survival and health</div><div> 2.2.3 Food and cultural well-being</div><div> 2.3 What types of foods are available in the region?</div><div> 2.3.1 Imported versus traditional foods</div><div>Conclusion</div><div><br></div><div>CHAPTER THREE</div><div><br></div><div>3 Food security in the Barents / Arctic communities</div><div> 3.1 Barents / Arctic communities&nbsp;</div><div> 3.2 Food and community connections</div><div> 3.3 Food and Indigenous Peoples</div><div> 3.3.1 Sami</div><div> 3.3.2 Komi</div><div> 3.3.3 Nenets</div><div> 3.3.4 Veps</div><div> 3.3.5 Pomors</div><div> 3.4 Food and non-Indigenous Peoples</div><div><br></div><div>CHAPTER FOUR</div><div><br></div><div>4 Issues of Food (in) security and safety in the Barents Region</div><div> 4.1 Climate change&nbsp;</div><div> 4.2 Human Activities.</div><div> 4.2.1 Mining</div><div> 4.2.2 Oil & Gas</div><div> 4.2.3 Forestry</div><div> 4.2.4 Shipping</div><div> 4.2.5 Tourism</div><div> 4.3 Vulnerability of the food supply as a result of contaminants</div><div> 4.4 Rise in imported foods</div><div><br></div><div>CHAPTER FIVE</div><div><br></div><div>5 Issues of food governance in the Barents Region</div><div> 5.1 General overview of institutions governing the region</div><div> 5.1.1 Arctic Council</div><div> 5.1.2 Northern Dimension</div><div> 5.1.3 Barents Euro-Arctic Council</div><div> 5.1.4 European Union</div><div> 5.1.5 Finland</div><div> 5.1.6 Sweden</div><div> 5.1.7 Norway</div><div> 5.1.8 Russia</div><div> 5.2 Existing legal tools and strategies related to food security</div><div> 5.2.1 Regional Climate Strategies</div><div> 5.2.2 National Strategies</div><div> 5.2.3 International strategies</div><div> 5.2.3.1 UNFCCC & Kyoto Protocol</div><div> 5.3 Legal tools and convention related to the environment</div><div> 5.3.1 Convention on Biological Diversity</div><div> 5.4 Legal conventions on marine life</div><div> 5.4.1 &nbsp;OSPAR</div><div> 5.4.2 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea</div><div> 5.4.3 Minamata Convention on Mercury</div><div> 5.5 Legal conventions related to shipping</div><div> 5.5.1 International Regulation of Ship Source Pollution</div><div> 5.5.2 International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships</div><div> 5.5.3 Ballast Water Convention</div><div> 5.5.4 Polar Code.</div><div> 5.6 Legal convention on the atmosphere</div><div> 5.6.1 Convention on Long-Range Trans-Boundary Air Pollution</div><div> 5.6.2 Persistent Organic Pollutants Treaty</div><div> 5.7 Importance of laws and policies on food security</div><div><br></div><div>CHAPTER SIX</div><div><br></div><div>6 Analysis of knowledge gaps and recommendations</div><div> 6.1 Research</div><div> 6.2 Governance</div><div> 6.2.1 Organizations</div><div> 6.2.2 States</div><div> 6.3 Legal tools</div><div> 6.3.1 Right to food</div><div> 6.3.2 Land rights</div><div> 6.3.3 Collective rights</div><div><br></div><div>7 Conclusions</div>

Kamrul Hossain is an Associate Professor and Director of the Northern Institute for Environmental and Minority Law at the Arctic Centre of the University of Lapland.&nbsp;He has been working on a diverse range of Arctic issues mainly&nbsp;focusing&nbsp;in international environmental law and policy&nbsp;that applies to the Arctic as well as in human rights law, in particular, concerning the rights of the indigenous peoples, again with a focus on the Arctic<p></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> Dele Raheem is a Senior Researcher at the Northern Institute for Environmental and Minority Law (NIEM) in the Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, Rovaniemi. His doctoral degree in Food Sciences was from&nbsp;Food and Environmental Sciences department of &nbsp;the University of Helsinki, Finland. He has published in many peer- reviewed international journals in the fields of food microbiology, nutrition, food packaging and other related topics. His current research interest at NIEM is on crosscutting issues related to food and human&nbsp;security especially in the Arctic-Barents region.<p></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>Shaun Cormier obtained his Masters degree in Law from the University of Lapland, Rovaniemi. He worked as a Researcher at the Northern Institute of Environmental and Minority Law (NIEM) at the Arctic Centre of the University of Lapland. His thesis was on&nbsp;“Enhancing Indigenous Food Security in the Arctic: Through Law, Policy, and the Arctic Council.</p>

<p><i>Food Security Governance in the Arctic-Barents Region </i>provides a multidisciplinary perspective on the major food security and safety challenges faced in the Arctic region. The authors address existing gaps in current knowledge of the coordination and implementation of legal framework and policy that affects the Arctic. The volume is unique in its focus on the Barents region, an area of northern Europe containing Norway, Sweden, Finland and Russia. The region has a population of approximately 5.2 million, including indigenous and non-indigenous peoples. The authors offer a balanced and systemic review of the role of traditional foods in this region, along with an overview of the regulatory tools and institutions that govern food security.</p>

Food security and safety in the –Arctic-Barents region is connected to and impacted by transformations from both inside and outside the area. Climate change, globalization and human activities affect the availability, accessibility, and affordability of food. The result of these transformations has an impact on the food security and safety for both indigenous and non-indigenous individuals and communities. The authors, by highlighting these challenges, reveal the importance of having harmonized policies and legal tools in place in order to strengthen food security and safety in the Barents region.</p>

<p>The book forms part of the main outcome of the Academy of Finland’s ongoing project on Human Security as a promotional tool for societal security in the Arctic: Addressing Multiple Vulnerability to its Population with Specific Reference to the Barents Region (HuSArctic). Researchers, policy makers, and other stakeholders will find the book to be an important contribution to the promotion of policies and strategies on food security.</p><br>

<p>Offers an interdisciplinary approach towards food security and its overarching governance in the Barents / Arctic region</p><p>Demonstrates the need to strengthen food security by highlighting the international / regional legal tools and institutional policy framework that shapes the region</p><p>Examines food safety issues from human activities and safety concerns resulting from emerging human activities taking place in the region</p>

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