Details

Differential Antennas

Theory and Practice
1. Aufl.

von: Yueping Zhang
119,99 €
Verlag:	Wiley
Format:	PDF
Veröffentl.:	21.06.2024
ISBN/EAN:	9781394273102
Sprache:	englisch
Anzahl Seiten:	352

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Beschreibungen

Titelbeschreibung

A comprehensive introduction to the theory and practice of differential antennas The first antennas ever created were differential antennas, in the dipole and loop constructions, before the subsequent creation of the single-ended or monopole antenna. Dozens of basic antenna configurations have been invented since then, the majority of them differential. The theory and design of differential antennas therefore has an impact on a huge range of fields which make use of electromagnetic waves. Differential Antennas contains a thorough, comprehensive overview of these antennas, their theory, and their practical applications. It details the relationship between differential and single-ended antennas, which may act as tools for determining the properties of one when the other is known. This book offers an analysis of the role differential antennas play in wireless communication and sensing. Overall, it stands as an essential contribution to a key area of communications technology. Differential Antennas readers will also find: <ul><li>Chapters covering topics including microstrip antennas, shorted patch antennas, grid array antennas, and other designs </li><li>Tables and figures illustrating key data, antenna structures, and more</li><li>Instructions for measuring differential antennas for characterization and specification purposes</li></ul> Differential Antennas is ideal for senior and graduate level students, researchers, and radio frequency engineers.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

About the Author Preface Acknowledgement Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Background 1.2 Balanced and unbalanced antennas 1.3 Even and odd modes 1.4 Differential and single-ended circuits 1.5 An important ratio 1.6 Mixed-mode S-parameters 1.7 Balun 1.8 Concluding Remarks References Chapter 2 Differential Wire Antennas 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Dipole and monopole antennas 2.3 Folded dipole and folded monopole antennas 2.4 Loop and half-loop antennas 2.5 Loop-dipole and half-loop-monopole antennas 2.6 Yagi-Uda and half Yagi-Uda antennas 2.7 Concluding remarks References Chapter 3 Differential Slot Antennas 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Slot and half-slot antennas 3.2.1 The input impedances 3.2.2 The radiation characteristics 3.3 Self-complementary antennas 3.4 Yin-Yang antennas 3.4.1 Basic differential structure 3.4.2 The array model and the distribution of current 3.4.3 The electromagnetic field 3.4.4 The input impedance 3.4.5 The radiation characteristics 3.4.6 Basic single-ended structure 3.5 Concluding remarks References Chapter 4 Differential Microstrip Patch Antennas 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Cavity model 4.2.1 Electrically thin or thick substrate 4.2.2 Fields in the cavity 4.2.3 Radiation fields 4.2.4 Polarization 4.2.5 Directivity and radiation efficiency 4.2.6 Input impedances 4.2.7 Reflection coefficients 4.2.8 Resonance and electrical separation 4.2.9 Quality factor and VSWR bandwidth 4.3 Rectangular patch 4.3.1 Resonant modes 4.3.2 Resonant frequencies 4.3.3 Radiation characteristics 4.3.3.1 Radiated fields 4.3.3.2 Cross polarization 4.3.3.3 Radiation conductance and directivity 4.3.3.4 Radiation efficiency and effective loss tangent 4.3.4 Impedance characteristics 4.3.4.1 Differential input impedance 4.3.4.2 Fundamental resonance and electrical separation 4.3.4.3 Resonant differential input resistance 4.3.5 Quality factor 4.3.6 Differential versus single-ended rectangular microstrip patch antennas 4.3.6.1 Excitation and suppression of resonant modes 4.3.6.2 Input impedance ratio 4.3.6.3 Reduction of cross-polarized radiation 4.3.6.4 Performance improvement 4.3.7 Design procedure 4.4 Circular patch 4.4.1 Resonant modes 4.4.2 Resonant frequencies 4.4.3 Radiation characteristics 4.4.3.1 Radiated fields 4.4.3.2 Cross polarization 4.4.3.3 Radiation conductance and directivity 4.4.3.4 Radiation efficiency and effective loss tangent 4.4.4 Impedance characteristics 4.4.4.1 Differential input impedance 4.4.4.2 Fundamental resonance and electrical separation 4.4.4.3 Resonant differential input resistance 4.4.5 Quality factor 4.4.6 Differential versus single-ended circular microstrip patch antennas 4.4.6.1 Excitation and suppression of resonant modes 4.4.6.2 Input impedance ratio 4.4.6.3 Reduction of cross polarized radiation 4.4.6.4 Axial ratio improvement 4.4.7 Design procedure 4.4.7.1 Design for linear polarization 4.4.7.2 Design for circular polarization 4.5 Stacked patch 4.6.1 Quasi even and odd modes 4.6.2 Resonant frequencies 4.6.3 Design and optimization 4.6.4 Design examples 4.6.5 Results and discussion 4.6 Patch arrays 4.6.1 Feed networks 4.6.2 Mutual coupling 4.6.3 Reduction of mutual coupling 4.6.3.1 Modification to the patch, substrate, or ground plane 4.6.3.2 Integration of electromagnetic bandgap structures 4.6.3.3 Utilization of additional structures 4.6.4 Design considerations 4.6.4.1 Frequency scanning array 4.6.4.2 Phased array 4.6.4.2.1 A differential architecture from circuits to antennas 4.6.4.2.2 The use of baluns in the feed network 4.7 Applications 4.8 Concluding remarks References Chapter 5 Differential Microstrip Shorted Patch Antennas 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Basic SPA and DSPA 5.2.1 Resonant modes 5.2.2 Coupling and resonance 5.2.3 Radiation characteristics 5.2.4 Frequency ratio and size reduction 5.2.5 Experiment results 5.3 Modified SPA and DSPA 5.3.1 Radiation Characteristics 5.3.2 Design and experiment 5.4 PIFA and DPIFA 5.4.1 Analysis and design 5.4.2 Experiment 5.5 ME and DME dipoles 5.5.1 Feeding techniques 5.5.2 Resonant frequency 5.5.3 Operating principle 5.5.4 Design of DME dipole and array 5.5.5 ME dipole array applications 5.6 Concluding remarks References Chapter 6 Differential Microstrip Slot Antennas 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Resonant modes 6.3 Excitation of resonant modes 6.4 Half-wavelength microstrip slot antennas 6.5 Full-wavelength microstrip slot antennas 6.6 Concluding remarks References Chapter 7 Differential Microstrip Grid Array Antennas 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Basic configuration 7.3 Principle of operation 7.4 Fundamental characteristics 7.4.1 Resonant frequency 7.4.2 Impedance bandwidth 7.4.3 Half-power beamwidth 7.4.4 Gain 7.4.5 Gain bandwidth 7.5 Differential excitation 7.6 Design procedure, formulas, and examples 7.7 An impedance matching technique 7.8 A slow-wave structure 7.9 Dual current modes 7.10 Co-aperture dual bands 7.11 Applications 7.11.1 60-GHz radios 7.11.2 79-GHz radars 7.11.3 Full duplex radios and MIMO systems 7.11.4 RF energy harvester and wireless power transfer 7.12 Concluding remarks References Chapter 8 Differential Printed Antennas 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Quasi-Yagi Antennas 8.2.1 Surface wave 8.2.1.1 Guided by grounded dielectric substrate 8.2.1.2 Guided by ungrounded dielectric substrate 8.2.2 Design of differential quasi-Yagi antenna 8.2.3 Quasi-Yagi antenna Arrays 8.2.3.1 Mutual Coupling 8.2.3.2 Decoupling Structures and Effects 8.3 Fractal Antennas 8.3.1 The Sierpinski gasket monopoles 8.3.1.1 The original Sierpinski gasket monopole 8.3.1.2 Design formulas 8.3.1.3 A Sierpinski gasket monopole fed by a microstrip line 8.3.2 The Sierpinski gasket dipoles 8.4 Spiral Antennas 8.4.1 The equiangular spiral antenna 8.4.1.1 Frequency independence 8.4.1.2 Current distributions 8.4.1.3 Input impedance 8.4.1.4 Radiation patterns 8.4.1.5 Gain 8.5 Applications 8.6 Concluding Remarks References Chapter 9 Differential Antenna Measurements 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Impedance 9.2.1 The S-parameters method 9.2.2 The balun method 9.2.3 The mixed-mode S-parameters method 9.2.4 Comparison of the methods 9.3 Efficiency 9.3.1 The Wheeler cap method 9.3.2 The source-stirred chamber method 9.4 Radiation pattern 9.5 Gain 9.6 Concluding remarks References Index

Autorenportrait

Yueping Zhang, PhD, is a Professor with the School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. Professor Zhang is a Fellow of the IEEE and a pioneer in integrated antenna technologies. He received the 2012 Sergei A. Schelkunoff Transactions Prize Paper Award and the 2020 John Kraus Antenna Award from the IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society. He also received the 2022 Exceptional Technical Achievement Award from the IEEE Electronics Packaging Society. He is among a few in the world who have had three major awards from two IEEE societies.